Bio 225 Mid Term Laboratory Practical Review

General:

This is not an all inclusive list of material to know. If its in the module or has been discussed in class or is on a handout, you are responsible for it.

-Be sure to read the background sections of each module and any handouts.
-Be familiar with any procedures
-Do the sample questions at the end of the module, on handouts or on the web.
-Be able to define any terms that appear in bold print. These terms are important to understanding the material.

-Specific:

1. Be able to name and describe the function of the various parts of the microscope.
-Be able to define and calculate the total magnification.
-Be able to define and calculate the resolution
-Know the two factors that affect resolution and how changes in those can affect the resolution..
-Know how oil may affect resolution

2. Know Whitaker's 5 Kingdom system of classification
- You are responsible for all the slides in the box, not just the ones mentioned in the module.
- Be able to name the organisms, structures or arrangements presented on the slides. .
-You will be expected to name the non-bacterial organisms from the slides.
-You will not be expected to name the bacteria from the slides, but you will be expected to name bacterial shapes, parts and arrangements from the slides, i.e. coccus, bacillus, spiral, flagella, capsule, staph, strep. etc.

3. Know the purpose of a wet mount.
-Know the various ways of determining movement: hanging drop, motility agar.
-Be able to differentiate between Brownian motion and taxis (directed motility).

4. Know the purposes of liquid media versus solid media.
-Know the difference between complex media and defined media.
-Know the basic ingredients that are often used in complex media.
-Know how to properly label a plate, where and what.
-Know why plates are incubated upside down.
-Know the specific temperatures important in making media.
-Know what would happen if the plates were poured too hot or too cold.
-Know why agar is used to solidify media.

5. Be able to explain the importance of hand washing. Resident vs transient population.
-Know the importance and purpose of replicates, reproducibility, means and controls in experiments.

6. Know the definitions of aseptic technique, pure culture, mixed culture, contaminated culture.
-Know the purpose of aseptic technique and potential sources of contamination.
-Know proper technique for flaming the loop and flaming the lip.

7. Be able to state the purpose of a streak for isolation and cite instances where it would be used.
- Be able to describe a successful streak for isolation.

8. Know the general steps used in any stain procedure.
-Compare and contrast the various stains, including reagents, organisms and targets.
-Know which organisms to which the stain applies.

9. Know the purpose and relevance of the Gram stain.
-Know the procedure, names of the dyes, appearance after each step, and purpose of each reagent.
-Know the resulting colors after Gram staining and be able to identity whether a stained organism is Gram positive or Gram negative.
-Know the Gram stain, shape and, if applicable, the arrangement for: E. coli. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Pseudomonas spp.
-Be able to give specific reasons for error. Why a gram negative will look gram positive or a grain positive will look gram negative.

10. Know the purpose, relevance and target of the special stains including the names of the dyes, appearance after each step, and purpose of each reagent.
-Be able to identify whether a stained organism is acid fast or non acid fast, a spore or vegetative form.

11. Be familiar with the terms used to describe colonial morphology and colony characteristics and if necessary draw an example or recognize the characteristic.
-Be able to explain why a knowledge of colony characteristics is useful.
-Be able to identify organisms based on colony characteristics such as color: red, yellow, golden, blue-green, and orange.
-Be able to distinguish between Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and E. coli colonies.