Learning Activity 8 - Chapters 12 and 13

 

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  1. What are the two numbers in a blood pressure reading? What does each indicate?


  2. Describe the components of the cardiac conduction system in their correct order. What is the function of this system? What component of this system is known as the pacemaker of the heart?


  3. What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart? What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?


  4. What are the four chambers of the heart? What chambers contract together?


  5. List four factors that will increase blood pressure.


  6. Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting with the vena cava.


  7. What are the four heart valves? Where is each located? What are function of valves?


  8. When the ventricles contract what heart valves open?


  9. What are the three waves of an electrocardiogram? What does each wave indicate?


  10. What are the three layers of the heart wall? Which is the outermost layer?


  11. List five different types of blood vessels. Which is the smallest type?


  12. Does the pulmonary trunk carry oxygen-rich blood or oxygen-poor blood?


  13. Define the following: stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, cardiac cycle.


  14. What are the two heart sounds? What events are occurring during each sound?


  15. What is the difference between the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation?


  16. Describe the location of each of the following: SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers.


  17. What side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?


  18. What layer of the heart normally contains fat?


  19. Why must blood be pumped to the lungs? What does it gain there? What does it lose there?


  20. Describe the structure of an erythrocyte.


  21. The the five types of white blood cells? Tell whether each is a granulocyte or an agranulocyte.


  22. Describe the structure and function of a platelet.


  23. What are the most phagocytic cells among the leukocytes?


  24. Define the following: leukopenia, leukocytosis, anemia


  25. In a normal, healthy adult, where are most red blood cells produced?


  26. What is the function of erythropoeitin? Where is it produced?


  27. Give the function of each type of leukocyte.


  28. Define hemostasis. What are the three steps of hemostasis?


  29. Tell what antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells in each of the following blood types: tyep A, type B , type AB, and type O.


  30. Tell what antibodies are found in each of the following blood types: type A, type B, type AB, and type O.


  31. Define thrombus, embolus, albumin, and globulins.


  32. What are the components of plasma?


  33. How does jaundice develop?