Learning Activity #2 - Chapters 3 and 4

Chapter 3

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  1. What is a cell doing during interphase?


  2. What are the four phases of mitosis? What are the major events of each phase?


  3. Define the following: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration and active transport.  Give examples of substances that move across the cell membrane through each process. Do any of these processes require cellular energy?


  4. Define the following: hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution, and isotonic solution. What happens to the size of a cell when placed in each type of solution?


  5. List the major organelles. Give the function of each.


  6. What is cell differentiation?


  7. What are the components that make up the cell membrane?


  8. Define the following: phagocytosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis.


  9. What are the phases of the cell life cycle in order?


  10. Which organ in the body carries out filtration of the blood?

     

  11. Define the following: centrosome, chromatid, chromatin, chromosome, and centriole.


  12. What organelle has an inner membrane that is highly folded?


    Chapter 4

    14.  Define dehydration synthesis.  Explain what dehydration synthesis of a polysaccharide is.


    15.  Define hydrolysis.  Explain the hydrolysis of a sucrose molecule.  

     

    16.  What is glycolysis? Does it produce more energy than the citric acid cycle?

     

    17.  Tell how fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle.  What must they be converted to in order to enter and what is the process called?

     

    18.  Define ATP.

     

    19.  What does the citric acid cycle require to take place that glycolysis does not require?

      

    20.  Define metabolism, anabolic metabolism, and catabolic metabolism.

     

    21.  Where does glycolysis take place in a cell?  Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

     

    22.  Tell how an enzyme works.

     

    23.  Give the major functions of each of the following:  carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

     

    24.  If a DNA strand has the nitrogen base sequence TTA, what would be the corresponding base sequence of messenger RNA?

     

    25.  Define the following:  transcription and translation.

     

    26.  If the codon is UAG, what is the anticodon?

     

    27.  What is the function of mRNA?  What is the function of tRNA?

     

    28.  What is a gene?

     

    29.  Describe the process of DNA replication.

     

    30.  If a strand of DNA contained the base sequence CTA, what would be the base sequence on the complementary strand?