Chapter 13 Objectives – Cardiovascular System

 

        When you can answer these objectives without looking them up in the notes or text book, you are probably ready to take the test on this chapter.

  1. Describe the location and general size of the heart.
  2. Differentiate between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
  3. List and describe the layers of the heart.
  4. Describe the four chambers of the heart.
  5. Describe the function and location of the valves of the heart.
  6. Describe the structures that make up the skeleton of the heart.
  7. Trace the flow of blood through the heart.
  8. Explain how the heart myocardium receives its blood supply.
  9. Define cardiac cycle and list the events that take place in one cardiac cycle.
  10. Describe the two heart sounds and the events that produce those sounds.
  11. Tell the importance of functional syncytia in the heart.
  12. Describe the components of the cardiac conduction system.
  13. Give the function of the cardiac conduction system.
  14. Describe how a cardiac impulse is initiated.
  15. Explain how an impulse travels from the right atrium to other heart chambers.
  16. Give the function of an electrocardiogram.
  17. Give the cardiac events that are represented by each wave in an electrocardiogram.
  18. Tell how sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses control heart rate.
  19. Describe how body temperature changes affect heart rate.
  20. Describe the importance of normal blood concentrations of potassium and calcium to the heart.
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  21. Describe the wall of an artery.
  22. Give the function of smooth muscle in the arterial wall.
  23. Differentiate between the structure of an arteriole and that of an artery.
  24. Differentiate between vasodilation and vasocostriction.
  25. Describe the wall of a capillary.
  26. Explain the functions of capillaries.
  27. Describe how blood flow into capillaries is controlled.
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  28. Describe what forces are responsible for the exchange of substances between the blood and tissue fluid.
  29. Describe how the structure of a vein differs from the structure of an artery.
  30. Describe the forces that move blood through veins.
  31. Define blood pressure.
  32. Distinguish between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  33. Describe what causes a pulse.
  34. Define cardiac output and tell how it affects blood pressure.
  35. Describe how blood volume affects blood pressure.
  36. Define peripheral resistance and tell how it affects blood pressure.
  37. Define viscosity and tell how it affects blood pressure.
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  38. List the factors that affect cardiac output.
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  39. Distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system. List the components associated with each circuit.
  40. Name the portions of the aorta.
  41. List the major branches of the aorta and describe the general areas that they supply.
  42. List the blood vessels which supply blood to the arms, abdominal wall, pelvis and legs.
  43. List the major veins that drain the blood from the head, abdominal viscera, arms and legs.
  44. Describe the importance of the hepatic portal system.