Chapter 8 Objectives -- Muscular System

1. Describe the different types of connective tissues that are associated with skeletal muscle.

2. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fiber including the types of organelles found in the fibers.

3. Define sarcoplasmic reticulum.

4. Describe a neuromuscular junction.

5. Define a motor unit and its function.

6. Describe the major events of muscle contraction and relaxation.

7. Explain how the filaments of a myofibril interact during muscle contraction.

8. Describe the action of acetylcholine and cholinesterase.

9. Explain the importance of calcium and ATP for muscle contraction and relaxation.

10. Describe the sources used by muscle fibers to regenerate ATP.

11. List the sources of oxygen needed for aerobic respiration in muscle fibers.

12. Explain the relationship between threshold stimulus and the all-or-none response.

13. Differentiate between the two major types of smooth muscle. Give examples of where you would find each.

14. Describe how cardiac muscle is similar to smooth muscle and how it is similar to skeletal muscle.

15. Distinguish between the origin and insertion of a muscle.

16. Differentiate between prime mover, synergist, and antagonist.

    For Objectives 17 - 27, learn only the muscles listed in the notes.

17. List the muscles of facial expression and give their actions.

18. List the muscles of mastication and give their actions.

19. List the muscles that move the head and give their actions.

20. List the muscles that move the pectoral girdle and give their actions.

21. List the muscles that move the upper arm and give their actions.

22. List the muscles that move the forearm and give their actions.

23. List the muscles that move the wrist, hand and fingers and give their actions.

24. List the muscles of the abdominal wall and give their actions.

25. List the muscles that move the thigh and give their actions.

26. List the muscles that move the lower leg and give their actions.

27. List the muscles that move the ankle, foot and toes and give their actions.