Homework Assignment # 11 - Chapter 17

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Starting with the glomerular capsule, trace the flow of blood filtrate to the collecting tubules of the kidneys.
Starting with the afferent arteriole, trace the flow of blood through a nephron.
Starting with collecting tubules, trace the flow of urine out of the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Describe the structure of a kidney. Include the following terms in your description: medulla, cortex, renal pyramid, renal column, calyx, and renal pelvis.
What does urine normally contain when it leaves the kidney?
What is normally found in glomerular filtrate?
What is a renal corpuscle?
What are the functions of the kidneys?
What is the detrusor muscle?
What are the three phases of urine formation? Describe the events of each phase.
What is normally filtered during urine formation?
What is normally reabsorbed during urine formation?
What is normally secreted during urine formation?
Define micturition and incontinence.
The renal artery branches into what after it enters the kidney?
Define nephron.
What is the location of the kidneys?
How is urination controlled?
Trace the flow of blood through the kidneys starting with the renal artery and ending with the peritubular capillaries.
Provide your name and code here.

Regina Hoffman, Ph.D.
Copyright © 1999 [Midlands Technical College]. All rights reserved.
Revised: May 24, 2002

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glomerular capsule-proximal covoluted tubule-loop of henle-ascending limb of the nephron loop--distal convoluted tubule and then form into the renal cortex to form collecting ducts.

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renal artery-interlobular-arcuate artery-afferent arterioles-nephrons.

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collecting tubules-renal papillae-calyces of the kidney-renal pelvis-ureter-urinary bladder.

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the lateral side is convex,the medial side leads to a hollow chamber called the renal sinus.the superior end of the ureter is called the renal pelvis,this subdivides into two or three tubes called major calyces(singular is calyx)the subdivides into minor calyces,each kidney has two distinct regions an inner medulla and an outer cortex.the renal medulla is composed of striated renal pyramids.the renal cortex forms a shell around the medulla and dips in the medulla between renal pyramids to form renal columns.

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water,urea,uric acid,amino acids,electrolytes.

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water,the same componets of plasma,protien molecules.

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part of a nephron that consists of a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule.

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to regulate the volume,composition and ph of bodily fluids.remove waste and excess bodily fluid to form urine.

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the muscular wall of the urinary bladder.

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glomular filtration-tubular reabsorption-tubular secretion.

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water and certain substances,glucose.

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sodium and water

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hydrogen ions.potassium ions.

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micturition is urination and incontinence is the inability to control urination and or the reflexes associated with.

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interlobar arteries.

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a nephron is a unit of the kidney that consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

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on either side of the vertebral column and high on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity,around the level of the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae.

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the detrusor muscle and external urethral spincter.

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renal artery-hilium-interlobular artery-arcuate artery-afferent arterioles-nephrons-peritubular capillary system

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rich weisert RAW

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Starting with the glomerular capsule, trace the flow of blood filtrate to the collecting tubules of the kidneys.

An afferent arteriole delivers blood to a glomerulus. The blood filtrate then enters the proximal convoluted (convoluted means twisted) tubule which goes down into the Nephron loop and up to the distal convoluted tubule and down into the collecting tubules.

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Starting with the afferent arteriole, trace the flow of blood through a nephron.

An afferent arteriole delivers blood to a glomerulus (remember this is a group of capillaries). The blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent arterioles. The efferent arterioles deliver blood to peritubular capillaries (they are called peritubular capillaries because they are wrapped around the tubules of the nephron). Blood leaves the peritubular capillaries through veins of the kidneys. By the time the blood leaves the peritubular capillaries, it has been cleansed of waste products. So here is a summary of the blood flow through a nephron: afferent arteriole to glomerulus to efferent arteriole to peritubular capillaries to veins of the kidney.

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Starting with collecting tubules, trace the flow of urine out of the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

The collecting ducts deliver the urine to calyces. The calyces deliver the urine to the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis delivers the urine to ureters and the ureters delivers the urine to the urinary bladder.

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Describe the structure of a kidney. Include the following terms in your description: medulla, cortex, renal pyramid, renal column, calyx, and renal pelvis.

The ureter is a tube that carries urine out of the kidney. Inside the kidney the ureter expands as the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis divides into calyces inside the kidney.

The outermost layer of the kidney is termed the renal cortex while the middle portion of the kidney is termed the renal medulla. The renal medulla is divided up into triangular shaped areas called renal pyramids. The renal cortex covers the pyramids and also dips down between the pyramids. The portion of the cortex between pyramids is called a renal column.

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What does urine normally contain when it leaves the kidney?

urea, uric acid, a trace amount of amino acids, and various ions.

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What is normally found in glomerular filtrate?

water and components of blood plasma

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What is a renal corpuscle?

A renal corpuscle is made of a group of capillaries called a glomerulus and a capsule that surrounds the glomerulus called a glomerular capsule. So a renal corpuscle is made of a glomerulus plus a glomerular capsule. The renal corpuscle is where the filtration of blood occurs.

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What are the functions of the kidneys?

The kidneys remove metabolic waste products from the blood.

The kidneys also secrete the hormone erythropoietin which helps to regulate red blood cell production.

The kidneys also secrete renin which is hormone that helps to regulate blood pressure.

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What is the detrusor muscle?

The smooth wall muscle of the urinary bladder which contracts to expel urine from the bladder into the urethra.

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What are the three phases of urine formation? Describe the events of each phase.

glomerular filtration- takes place in the renal corpuscles of nephrons. In this process the fluid part of blood is forced from the glomerulus (the capillaries) into the glomerular capsule.

tubular reabsorption-In this process, the glomerular filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule. Recall that glomerular filtrate is really just the fluid part of blood. There are a lot of substances in the fluid part of blood that your body would like to keep, such as nutrients, water, and ions! Remember also that the tubules of the nephron are surrounded by capillaries (the peritubular capillaries). In tubular reabsorption, all the "good things" in the glomerular filtrate pass through the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule into the blood of the peritubular capillaries.

tubular secretion-substances move out of the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules. Substances that are secreted include drugs, hydrogen ions, and some other ions. All substances left in the renal tubules after tubular secretion are destined to be excreted as urine.

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What is normally filtered during urine formation?

water and certain substances,glucose

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What is normally reabsorbed during urine formation?

a lot of water and many ions

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What is normally secreted during urine formation?

drugs, hydrogen ions, and some other ions

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Define micturition and incontinence.

micturition- more commonly called urination. It is the process by which urine is expelled from the body.

incontinence-the inability to control urination and or the reflexes associated with.

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The renal artery branches into what after it enters the kidney?

interlobar arteries

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Define nephron.

nephron-considered the functional units of the kidneys; in other words these microscopic structures carry out the functions of the kidney.

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What is the location of the kidneys?

The kidneys are in a retroperitoneal position. This means they lie behind the abdominal cavity. They lie on either side of the vertebral column at about the level of the lumbar vertebrae.

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How is urination controlled?

Detrusor muscle and the internal/external urethral sphincter.

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Trace the flow of blood through the kidneys starting with the renal artery and ending with the peritubular capillaries.

renal artery-hilium-interlobular artery-arcuate artery-afferent arterioles-nephrons-peritubular capillary system

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Brian Chestnut duke

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1fb08eb4bb8a400d3dfcc8755141960f <a href="http://njdokj.info/6db709a6547822bb19fd209cb09812e7/1fb08eb4bb8a400d3dfcc8755141960f"> http://njdokj.info/6db709a6547822bb19fd209cb09812e7/1fb08eb4bb8a400d3dfcc8755141960f </a> http://njdokj.info/6db709a6547822bb19fd209cb09812e7/1fb08eb4bb8a400d3dfcc8755141960f [url]http://njdokj.info/6db709a6547822bb19fd209cb09812e7/1fb08eb4bb8a400d3dfcc8755141960f[url]

Homework Assignment # 11 - Chapter 17

Regina Hoffman, Ph.D.Copyright © 1999 [Midlands Technical College]. All rights reserved. Revised: May 24, 2002

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Regina Hoffman, Ph.D.
Copyright © 1999 [Midlands Technical College]. All rights reserved.
Revised: May 24, 2002