Chapter 18 Objectives – Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance

 

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        When you can answer these objectives without looking them up in the notes or text book, you are probably ready to take the test on this chapter.

  1. Describe the normal distribution of water within the body.
  2. List the electrolytes found in higher concentrations in intracellular fluids and extracellular fluids.
  3. Explain how the concentration of protein varies in different body fluids.
  4. Describe how the movement of water and electrolytes from one fluid compartment to another is controlled.
  5. Explain the importance of the sodium ion concentration within body fluids in the movement of water between compartments.
  6. Define water balance.
  7. Explain the location and function of the thirst center.
  8. List the routes by which water is lost from the body.
  9. Explain the roles of renal tubules in regulating water balance.
  10. List the electrolytes that are most important to cellular functions.
  11. List the mechanisms that ordinarily regulate electrolyte intake.
  12. Describe the routes by which electrolytes are lost from the body.
  13. Describe how the concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium ions are controlled.
  14. Describe how the concentrations of most negatively charged ions are controlled.
  15. Differentiate between and acid and a base.
  16. List the major sources of hydrogen ions in the body.
  17. Explain the difference between a strong acid or base and a weak acid or base.
  18. List three different chemical buffer systems and tell how they help to regulate pH.
  19. Describe the role of the respiratory system in regulating acid-base balance.
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